The Sunday Ledger from Topeka, Kansas • 2

PIONuCR ADVEriTISLn. THE WAYS OF WILD BEASTS. Site fmiflan ledger. By Ceo. W.

Reed. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AfTERNOOS erence as not made to the Queen, except as an instance of undying loyalty to the memory of her husband, but to the young Duchess of Albany, who might reasonably be expected to have taken unto herself another mate." THE MELUNGEONS. A Strange People Who Live In tho Mountains of TeiinetiKee. It is not generally known that in the mountains of Eastern Tennessee there lives a class of peculiar-looking people whoso origin is wrapped in mystery and who are called by the whites Melungeons. They resent this appellation arid proudly declare that they are Portuguese.

The legend of their history, which they carefully preserve, is this: A great many years ago these mountains were settled by a society of Portuguese adventurers, men and women, who came from the shore of Virginia that they might be freed from the restraints and drawbacks imposed upon them by any form of government They made themselves friendly with the Indians, and, freed as they were, from every kind of social government, they uprooted all conventional forms of society and lived in a kind of Utopia of their own creation, trampling upon the marriage relation, ide-spising all forms of religion and subsisting upon corn the only possible product of the soil and the game of the great forests. They intermixed with the Indians and subsequently with the negroes, and thus formed the present race of Melungeons. They are tall, straight, well-formed people of a dark copper color, but with Circassian features. They were privileged voters In the old slave days and accredited citizens. They are brave but quarreisome, and are hospitable to strangers.

They have no preachers among them and are almost without any knowledge of a Supreme Being. They marry by established forms, but husband and wife can separate at pleasure without meeting with any reproach or disgrace from their friends. They have but little association with their neighbors, and are in every respect, save that they arc under, the jurisdiction of the State government, a separate and distinct people. N. Y.

Recorder. bludgeon with good effect The hogs were eager to get at me. First one and then another would advance, snapping its ugly jaws. A blow from my club would send it squealing to the rear. My brother had told me that these hogs would make nothing of devouring a man, clothes and all, if they got a chance at him.

For flrteen minutes I kept them at bay with my club, but they were becoming bolder and fiercer. One had torn a piece from my pantaloons, and I was fearful that I should le unable to hold them off longer, when to my relief I heard my brothers voice. He soon came up gun in hand. He had heard my cries for help. The loud report of his gun frightened the hogs, and with many loud ooplis and squeals they scampered down the hill.

But for his fortunate arrival I probably should not be alive to tell this tale. racing the Deck. Life in Ajaccio, according to the author of "Studies in Corsica, is something like that on board ship. The city square is the deck, the eating-house corresponds to the saloon, the coffee-house is the smoking-room. Private houses serve merely as berths for sleeping and rest.

A great deal of walking is done by the residents, but it consists in pacing slowly backward and forth over a limited extent of ground. A hundred yards ot promenade, or even less, will suffice. The pedes-train, if he is engaged in conversation, stops often, with the exclamations: Hold! Listen! That's just what I say! At an interesting point in his story he taps his companion on the breast, and stands facing him for five minutes at a time, discoursing fluently. One day at dinner an Englisb resident was commenting on this peculiarity to a number of Corsicans. Yes, replied one, I think the Ajacians can beat the Parisians.

The best lounger I ever met was of I once walked with him down to the bar, and we did the distance in two hours. The bar and the square are one half-mile apart. How Elector Augustus tinvony 'Id Ills Ch.na. Augustin, Elector of Eaxony, was the first mauu acturcr, on a largo scale, of Dresden china. The Royal axon Porcelain orks at Meissen, wi re e-tablislicd in 1U0 to increase his revenues.

The manufacture proceeded, tinder the supervision of John llottgcr, the ongmator tf Dresden china. Tho bus'ncss was advertised in many language in all European countries, and many oidei.s for the new ware cam in from every quarter, says the AdiertisoiV Review. The advertising consisted in part of oral communications, pa- ed irom one commercial capital to another, the newspaper press not having tli ri developed to its present extent as a splendid channel for wide publicity. Tbe advertising was easily suece-s-ful, because the royal proprietor had goods for which there was an immediate demand. Even in that time there was no difficulty in dispo-ingof an output which combined the elements of u-cfulne-s, artistic beauty, durability, fashion, and reasonable price.

It would seem that in this very department of the fine arts or esthetics of the table, the room for profitable)1 operations, through advertising, is only partly taken up. As the advertising of china ware i ine: easing, It is not amiss to state that until sixteenth entury no china ware existed in Europe. In that century the first specimens were brought from A-ia by Portuguese sailors. Veiy high prices were paid tor them. It was through the Saxon Elector, already named, that the manufacture finally was taken up.

after many unsuccessful cffoits th otigh iiit Europe to discover the art. Tho china is made of kaolin, a kind of (lay (which will not melt) and pulverized feldspar, another kind of hardened clay which docs melt Kaolin exists in nearly every country, but paiticularly where tin mines are lo -ated. At Meissen (which is a suburb of Dresden), at Lining' in France, and Coin-wall in England, the best deposits exist. Two Friend. How Sir Samuel flakor Killed a Rhinoceros with a Sword.

Having once made a good shot at a rhinoceros, it fell to the ground and died, says Sir Samuel Baker. We now observed a fine young animal, which was standing upon the opposite side of the mother, and I suggested to my famous Hamran hunters that we should call up the camels and endeavor to secure the calf with our good supply of ropes. The camels were brought and the ropes arranged. Nooses were prepared, and I suggested that we should attempt to mob the young one, and then secure its legs. My Arabs declined this plan, as they rightly declared that the ground was unfavorable; owing to the number of large rocks, which would prevent them from getting out of harms way should the animal charge.

It was ultimately arranged that Taher Noor, my head Arab, was to lend me his sword, and that I was to go first, while they would follow with the ropes' and nooses, to endeavor to trip up the calf should it charge past me. Taher drew his sword. This was a beautiful blade that had belonged to bis family, and been handed from father to son for several generations. The cross-bilt and fittings of the handle were solid silver, also the knob at the end through which the tongue was riveted. He cautioned me to beware of striking a stone, and he evidently parted with regret from his favorate weapon.

The calf was about three and a half feet high, and was standing by the body of its mother, evidently ignorant of her death. As I cautiously approached there was not much time for reflection, for the young tartar gave an angry shake of its ugly head, emitted the usual three sharp whiffs, and charged at mo as fast as it could gallop. I jumped quickly backward by a large rock, and it passed within three feet of me, but immediately halted, instead of continuing so far as the spot where the Arabs were in waiting with the ropes. It now turned round, and seeing me, it repeated its charge in reverse, as hard as it could go. 1 again jumped back, but as I did so I delivered a downward cut with Taher Noors favorite sword.

The young rhinosceros fell stone dead, all in a heap. The Arabs ran to the spot. Taher Noor took the sword carefully frorp my hand, and pointing it at arms length he looxcd along the edge; he then wiped the blade upon the body of the rhinosceros, and to prove the perfection of his weapon he shaved a few hairs off his naked arm; then exclaimed with a deep sigh of pleasure and astonishment, Mashallah! and returned it to the scabbard. It is all right for a man to insist on having his own way, if he would only take it and get a move on. Tnn more we know of men the less wt wonder that so many of the girls voluntarily become old maids.

If Dr. Briggs makes things half as lively as his friends expect him to, his will be a case of suspended animation. Wiiat the country editor asas of American genius is some kind of an invention that will be a success in running down delinquent subscribers. The route from England to India is strewn with treasure, owing to the many shipping disasters. An industrious statistician reckons that fully four billions of dollars worth of gold and jewels lie at the bottom of the sea on that frequented way.

The latest and ist deadly criticism of Richard Wagner is that he was not an American. This is, of course, a detraction from his other But it should be remembered that Mr. Wagner had absolutely no voiccin choosing the land to be born in. An Omaha woman defaulted to the amount of $275 and the fact was telegraphed all over the country. There could be no higher compliment to the honesty of her sex, for had the defaulter been a man the offense would have been passed with a brief notice in the local papers.

A quantity of royal bones, all properly labeled, have been discovered in a garret of the Louvre. There is still hopes for several American millionaires who are looking to marry daughters to royal titles. So long as the label is A No. 1 it doesnt matter whether life and brains go with the royal bones or not. It is said that the Spanish Infanta is much pleased with the way she has been reviewed in Americi.

It would be a mighty mean kind of an Infanta that wouldnt be pleased with such treatment as has been accorded her from first to last. Even Mayor Harrison of Chicago purchased a pulg hat for the occasion of her reception there. A San Francisco dispatch says that all the practical men who have expressed opinions on the subject of a winter fair at that city are against it They oppose even the removal of the California exhibit to San Fran cisco lor a second-hand show. It is estimated that the scheme would cost $3,000,000, and moneyed men say that not $500,000 could be raised for the purpose. Dit.

Dvorak, the emincnL Bohemian composer, now visiting this country, is out in a startling musical theory. lie declares that the negro melodics furnish a foundation upon which American composers should build. These melodies arc abundant; they are popular. So far they have not grown beyond the lyric form. They express almost every phase of human emotion, and it is asserted that they can -be developed into operas, oratorios, and symphonies.

To show the influence and grace which they possess Dr. Dvorak has himself written a symphony the longest form of musical expression reflecting these melodies. Wbat do clans and composers think of Dvoraks theory? Wiiat is to be done with the tramp? Shall we turn him away unfed, and without knowing whither he goes? To pursue this course may be to drive him to thieving, or worse. If food and clothes are not furnished him now, irons and the lockup are pretty sure to be needed later on. The issue may be avoided now, but in time it will be forced upon us.

The tramp must be cared for in some way. For the individual to attempt this by giving temporary help not only does not solve the problem, but complicates it. Systematic examination and merciful but wise disposition of each case, such as can only be done through organized charity, is the method which, carried to perfection, promises the best results. TnE problem of the surplus female population in England is a serious one, and the steady diminution of marriage, in addition to the tendency of Englishmen to seek wives among the daughters of the Rhilistines, is a burden grievous to be borne by the fathers and mothers of large families of girls. It was proposed in a London womens periodical a few years ago that an association should be formed to induce widows to refrain from marrying a second time as a matter of justice to their own sex.

It was broadly hinted that royalty had purposely set an example. Ref Looking over the whole country, nothing strikes the eye which can be construed into a genuine premonitory sign of disaster. All the staples are low in price in comparison with the past. There is no speculation in Wall street and little in tho Pit at Chicago. The position of the industrial stocks is r.ot satisfactory.

If the Whisky Trust should fail, on the heels of the Cordage Trust, other industrials would probably follow the example, and some disturbance might result. But the great trusts are probably out of the wet. The Standard Oil is in liquidation, and the Sugar Trust is probably impregnable. A dozen of the smaller trusts might collapse without bringing down a single bank or a notable banking-house. It might be wished that the disproportion between imports and exports at New York were not so large as it is, especially just after the banks have lost so much gold for export.

But in the present days of arbitrage a profit of of 1 per cent on importations of specie would bring all the gold back, as the Bank of England loresaw when it raised the rate of interest to 4 per cent. In the present age of credit, when everybody is doing business with someone elses money, ill gales are always possible, and, when they come, frail tenements may go down. But at the present moment, the reasons for fearing a spread of the Australian epidemic to this continent are slight. The immediate occasion of the Australian revulsion was the long strike of 1890, reacting on a community in which the credit system had been abused. Nearly three years ago all the workmen in Australia struck and remained on strike for nearly six months.

The strike began with the coast seamans union; but it extended sympathetically to the sheep-shearers, miners, and all other classes of wage-earners. It was nut called off until all the unions of the several trades in the colonies had exhausted the funds in their treasuries, which were large, and until every workman had wasted his individual savings, which, in the aggregate, were also large. Industry had been prosperous for many years and wages high. The savings of the working-classes and the amounts real-ized by the assessments levied by the unions constituted a formidable sum. All this was wasted, and, not only that, for nearly or quite six months all industiies were at a standstill and their product was nil.

If an earthquake had swallowed up all the savings of labor and had locked up every able-bodied man in the colonics in an underground prison for six months, its effect would have been precisely what the effect of the strike was. At its session in Milwaukee the American Medical Association received from Dr. Ernest llart, editor of the British Medical Journal, an elaborate statement in regard to cholera. Dr. Hart sketched the progress of the disease through different countries and the mode of its propagations, with especial reference to the alllrmatioh that cholera is a filth disease, carried by dirty people to dirty places, and there spread by the use of dirty water.

This is proved by the history of its spread in England, France, Russia, India, and other countries. In every case where the facts could be ascertained with sufficient closeness to warrant the deduction the outbreak of the disease was traceable to the use of contaminated water. It may be considered as demonstrated that there is no value in the theories of cholera contagion being due to anything else than specifically polluted water. Th's is not merely an occasional or adjuvant case, but the prime cause of almost every great epidemic of Asiatic cholera. Further, when the use of the poisoned water has been abandoned or cut off the epidemic has ceased.

Hence we should aim at securing purity of our water, our air, our soil, and our habits. This achieved, cholera need be feared no longer. Every means should be employed for impressing these facts upon the popular mind and to use the knowledge as a powerful lever to push forward the war against filth already so well be-gun. The Host Wonderful Echo. At Rosoneath, in Argyllshire, there is an echo which repeats eight or ten notes from a trumpet, but in a much lower tone than the original; then, after a momentary silence, the notes are again repeated, but still weaker, and, strange to relate, after another short interval of silence, they are repeated for the third time in a tone so faint as to be scarcely audible.

Take care of the poor Indian and the poor Indian will take hair of you. Some crustaceans hide their shells under another sea creature, appar. cntly to protect thcin-elves. A cer- tain hermit crab found in the Mediterranean Sea is fond ot a sea-ane. mone, and it is unusual to find a shell which a hermit has chosen foi his house unprotected bv his anemone 1 friend.

A gentleman relates that he captured and put in a large aquarium one. of these sea-anemones, on a shell in whiqh was a hermit crab whe seemed already to have outgrown his house. All went well for a while," he writes, then the hermit grew sc large that he had to leave his shell and abandon his friend. An hour after the hermit left his old shell looked at the aquarium again, and was surprised to find the sea-anemone -on top of the new shell which the 1 hermit crab had adopted as his dwel. 3 ling.

They both seemed very well satisfied. 1 IIow had the anemone come there? I soon found out. I cautiously lifted the shell to the surface of the watei and let the anemone fail to the bot tom of the aquarium, then I put the shell down near it. Hardly had the crustacean touched bottom before he seized the anemone with one claw, then with two, and saw at once what he intended to do. With great care he went to wort to replace the anemone on the shell, lie found the anemone upside down, and he took great pains to set it up right again.

Then he grasped il firmly with two claws, and raised il and placed it on the shell. Foi twelve minutes he remained perfectly motionless, pressirtg it firmly on th (' shell all the time. Then he vorj cautiously took away first one claw, and then the other. I was pleased to see that when moved, the sea anemone remained in place, as firmly fixed as the cnergctid crab could wish. A Miraculous Escape.

During one of the great eruptions of Etna a tremendous stream of lava burst forth from the side of the mountain, and descended towards the town of Catania, threatening it with destruction. The terror-stricken inhabitants brought their patrons, St Agatha, to avert the impending'catastrophe, but their prayers for a while seemed all in vain. Closer and closer crept the dreaded lava stream, before whose powerful thrust even the town wall must give way, when lo! a miracle. A few inches from the wall the stream was arrested in its progress, and began to pile itself up in a heap. Higher and higher it grew, fed by fresh lava from behind, until before it had quite cooled and hardened it had actually overstepped the wall.

St Agatha, as might be expected, obtained the credit of this miracle, as it was thought to be; but science very soon after robbed her of it Lava, it has been discovered, is full of gas, which gushes out in little jets and so strong are these jets that the lava actually blew itself back from the wall, and as the wall was luckily strong enough not to be blown down, the lava kept on blowing itself back till it had time to cool. Sonic Safe Disinfectants. There are many good disinfectants, writes Elizabeth Robinson Scovil in the third article of her series "Life in the Invalids Room in the Ladies Home Journal. Each physician has his favorites. Different kinds are required for different purposes.

Some will stain clothing, while others are harsh and disagreeable for personal use. Cheap and efficacious ones arc: Copperas, one and a half pounds to a gallon of water. Sulphate of zinc, two ounces, and the same quantity of common salt, to a gallon of water. Sulphur. Boracic acid, two ounces to a gallon of water.

The copperas solution should be put into vessels before they are used by the sick person, the discharges cov. ered with it before they are emptied, and a pailful thrown down the water-closet two or three times a day. If an earth-closet is used it should be plentifully sprinkled with dry copperas. An Impromptu Duet. Not many audiences have had an opportunity of seeing Signor Foli, the famous basso, break down in a public performance.

The public of St. Helena, Lancashire, were, however, favored in this respect one evening a year or two ago. The famous vocalist was singing The Raft, when, in its innocence, a child attempted to organize an impromptu duet. Unfortunately the next line in the song was, Ilark! what sound is that which breaks upon mine ear? This so tickled the risibles of Foli that he burst into hearty laughter and left the platform, followed by his pianist. Twice he attempted to sing the song, but could not.

Tbe incident created great amusement amongst the audience. Coal Depoaiti in Mexico. Considerable attention has been attracted to the reported discoveries of coal in the Huasteca (Vera Cruz,) or tropical district lying on the eastern or gulf 3ide of the mountains which line the coast of tho Gulf of Mexico. The existence of coal in these localities has been known for a long time, and it appears that the matter has been taken up by a syndicate of English capitalists who have sent experts into the region. It is asserted that the latter have pronounced the thickness and extent of the deposits to be very great and the coal to be of the best quality.

Tests of the fuel are said to have given an average result of 88 per cent, of fixed carbon. Philadelphia Record We Are Excusable Speaking about counterfeiting and the ability of the average man to detect spurious bills, saida treasury official, "what security is there when the Treasurer of the United States is himself deceived and accepts bad money? Yet this frequently happens, and only this month no less than three bills were received by the Treasurer and their spuriousness discovered in the Redemption Department. Iwo were $2 bills, and it would appear that these bills are the most expertly counterfeited. They were detected by one of the ladies employed in the Redemption Department, and she is probably the most expert handler of money in the world. One bill was proved spurious by the fact that the initial lT of the name T.

Spinner was the sixteenth of an inch to the right from being directly under the lD of the letters D. Well, when counterfeiting has arrived at such a stage o-f expertness it becomes almost a matter of hazard to accept any bills. Washington Star. Nulled His Legit was absence of mind that made the Dutch cooper head himself into his hogshead, where he would have stayed if the neighbors had not heard him call through the bunghole. But what caused another mistake was absence of feeling; an absence common to artificial limbs.

The Arisonia Sentinel tells this droll story. Anson of Shelton Center, a wooden-legged veteran, set to work to make a frame for the support of his tomato vines. To keep up the posts steady while nailing the slats he placed his left, or wooden, leg against them, and drove the nails home with a vim. After nailing one end he started to go to the next post, but found, to his surprise, he could not move. Visions of paralysis flashed over his mind, but on examining carefully he found he had driven the nail through slat and post into his wooden leg, and that he was nailed fast to the tomato frame.

An Impoverished Noble to Enter the Church. Society in Rome is fgreatly interested in the decision ot Prince Hugo Boncompagni, Duke of Sora, to enter the chnrch. The Prince is under middle age, and has been a familiar figure in the gay circles of the ancient city. The family is one of the oldest in Italy, and has had at least one representative in the papal chair. Don Hugo is the father of five children.

He was married first to a Patrica, and the second time to an Altieri; but he has been a widower for some time. With the scores of other Italian noblemen who have been playing with fire, the Prince has lost his great wealth in speculation, and deems it easier to live with a deficit in a convent than in Rome. His children are to be cared for by relatives. Argonaut William lenns Will. Frank T.

Sabin of Philadelphia, is the proud owner of the last will and testament of the founder of Pennsylvania. The document is in an excellent Btate or preservation, being on sheets neatly stittched together with silk thread and se.aled with wax bearing the arms of the famous Penn. It is attested by Thomas Lloyd, Thomas Holmes, James Harrison, and William Clarke. It was executed and drawn at Philadelphia on June 6, 1 C84, and after a lapse of 209 years is in perfect condition with the exception of a slight mutilation on one of the margins. Lucknows Bird Market.

Condition of the Teeth. Not everyone knows that it is es-tial to the general health of the child that his teeth be taken care The teeth must not be left to become so decayed that they will have to be out by force, but the moment a speck of a cavity is visible in the first teeth the little child should be taken to the dentist The mother should inspect the little ones teeth often, to see if there are any black points to martbeir pearly whiteness. It seems to be the theory of many mothers that it is the natural state of childrens teeth to be decayed, and that this is the legitimate way In which the first teeth come out and make room for the permanent set. It is wrong to foster this idea. Nothing could be mote erroneous: the first teeth must be kept sound and whole, in order to insure the sncond set being sound, a great many mothers dread taking a child to the dentists, but if the little one is gently and firmly told the exact truth, there need be no fear.

The terror and suffering of children in a dentists chair is largely augmented by the fact that they are foolishly told they will not be hurt. When they realize they have been deceived, they are naturally terror-stricken and their vivid, sensitive imagination conjure up all kinds of horrors. The child should be firmly told he will be hurt but that it will soon be over; that he must show how manly he can be and bear the pain bravely. A sensitive, nervous child will often endure a serious operation on its teeth simply because it had a wise mother who encouraged and strengthened it, when otherwise the shock would be entirely too much for its nervea There is a great deal of difference to be sure in children, but there are no children who will not be encouraged by example and precept to bear necessary pain. AHKallod By WIKI Hogs.

In "Recollections of the Early Settlement of the Wabash Valley the author relates an adventure with wild hogs which befell him in 1835. As the reader is aware, droves of bogs left to wander in the woods and forage foi themselves sometimes become tierce and dangerous. I was strolling along the bank of the Wabash, says the writer, at some distance from my brothers cabin, when 1 suddenly heard a confused cracking of bushes, rattling of stones, and gnashing of teeth, with a loud boo-boo-oh from the ravine below. Instantly I realized the terrors of my situation: it was one ot the droves of wild hogs of which my brother had spoken warningly. I took to my heels and ran to the summit of the hill, making for a large oak-tree with the Intention of climbing it On my way I seized a stout maple limb.

The trunk was so lofty that I was unable to climb the oak, but I stood with my back against it and faced my assailants, which were now upon squealing and grunting fiercely, a dozen of them. I shouted for help and wielded my Lucknow, India, has a singulai feature in the bird market, which is daily visited by thousands of natives. Hundreds of birds are purchased foi various uses. Certain species are bought for food, others for lov potions, others again to use as evil cnarms. Eating a crow is to prolong life by keeping the hail black and preventing it from turning gray.

The common bluejay has certain rites performed over it, and i then set free after one feather has been plucked from It. This feather is then worn as an amulet, and is supposed to have great potency in averting the evil eye. Another purpose for which birds are purchased every morning is to set lree again. This is done by Hindus as a work of merit, and by Mohammedans, after certain rites have been performed, as an atonement, in imitation of tho Jewish scapegoat. The merit obtained by setting a bird free is not attributed to the Deity, but is supposed to come in a large measure from bird itself or from its attended spirit, and hence birds of good or bad omen, and especially kites and crows, are in much demand, and are regularly caught to be sold for this purpose.

Golden A Strange Operation. A little boy whose father never uses a razor was much amazed and interested on the morning after his arrival at his uncles house to see that gentleman shaving. "Why, Uncle Fred! ho exclaimed, I after watching the operation for a few moments. I dont see what makes you wash your face with that little broom, and wipe it off with a knife. Tapa doesnt! tv jfc'Vaf 5.