Normal Advocate from Holton, Kansas • 3

4 "It is more easily said than done. Answers to March Queitlont, niSTOUY. 1. Shortest route to the Pacific. 2.

The French and Indian war. 3. What is and what causes sound? 4. Would "Barker's mill" work in a vacuum? 5. If a piece of meat weigh 25 lbs.

in one scale pan of a false balance, and 16 in the other, what is its true weight? Obtain formula. LITERATURE. 1. Name three celebrated forgeries of the eighteenth century. 2.

Who created the Historical novel 3. (a) Who was the "The Prince of Poets," "The Poet of 4. Who wrote Prosopopela? 5. Who introduced blank verse into our poetry? From what poems are the following lines taken: WHAT IS THE NORMAL "What kind of a school is the Normal of Ilolton?" Our friends here and elsewhere say that this is a common question. One superintendent in Nebraska objected to sending the names of his teachers because, as he said we have a "normal" here every summer." One might as.

well object to young men going to college because they have district schools; or to our agricultural college because they bad farms at home. There cannot possibly be the slightest opposition between our school and county normals. The man who advises teachers not to attend a normal school because of institutes is more for self than for the EXAMINATIONS. Various questions are frequently sprung concerning the matter of tests of scholarship and teaching ability. Are examinations sufficient test? If not what can we have? Shall the examiners be guided by their knowledge of human nature or shall they be guided simply by the written answers? The better decision is to use both.

The writer from experience and observation feels like miking a few criticisms upon our good old method and will endeavor to give something better. First, not enough attention is given to the condition of the manuscript, to methods of doing the work and too' much importance is attached to the answerer. The teacher is certainly deficient who cannot explain each step of a problem as he is expected to know Adjectives cannot modify verbs as in the sentence. "It is easier said than done." 5 To trust is a verb, p- trust, trusted, trusted, construction of a noun, sub. of Is good.

6 Reckoning is a verb, construction of a noun, obj; of by, 7- 71 fii1 Ltook tobe you (Holbrook) 8 Hope is a noun, 3rd, Bing, sub. of is excluded. Delight is a noun, 3rd, nent, in the pred. with the int. verb are, referring to the same thing as its sub.

we. Mankind la a noun, com, 3rd, sub. of was created. Him is a pronoun, per, its ant. with which it agrees in the 3rd, obj.

of World is noun, 3rd, sing, nom, sub. of was created. G. L. Reid, Hiawata, Kas.

QUESTIONS. GRAMMAR. 1. What is meant by the science of language? 2. Give derivation of Orthoepy, Or thography, Etymology, Prosody.

3. Define case accurately. 4. What is enallage as used in gram mar? 5. How would you determine whether a verb is transitive or intransitive? 6.

Chaos became earth. Parse "earth." '7. What is the sign of the infinitive? When is it omitted? 8. He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord. Parse "he" and "him." 9.

What is conjugation? synopsis? 10. The goods are to be sold. Parse "to be sold." ARITHMETIC. 1. Give the origin of the Arabic no tation.

2. What is the reciprocal of a num ber? 3. Define broker, assignee, factor, consignee. 3. What are coupon bonds? Regis 5.

are the classes of U. S. Bonds? 6. I send my agent 11500 with which to buy corn at 2 per cent commission. What is the commission 7.

Give a rule for finding the side of an equilateral triangle when only the altitude is given. 8. How find the area of a rhom bus? 9. How find the convex surface of a cone? Whj? 10. What is magnitude HISTORY.

1. What has been the effect of war upon civilization? 2. What was the treaty of Ghent and what did it specify 3. In what war did the U. S.

not lose a battle? 4. What was the Grab-me' Act? 5. Who when asked to take a certain battery replied, "I'll try sir When was it? 6. What was the Gadsden purchase? The Wilmot Proviso? 7. Name the present cabinet.

8. What are the political issues of to-day? 9, How was Hayes elected Presl- dent? 10. Name the principal events from tl 1877 to the present time. GEOGRAPHY. 1.

What are the Cordilleras 2. Locate the rainless districts of the earth. 3. In what locality are the longest days and why? Can a day be shorter than 24 hours? 4. Name five important commercial plants of South America.

5. Give the religions of the following countries: England, Greece, Holland, and Russia. 6. Name the five most populous cities. 7.

What is meant by ihe day line? Where is it? 8. Give causes of Glaciers. 9. What are isothermal lines? 10. What is the cause of cyclones? NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

1. Why can we, with a tube, suck up water with the mouth. 2. What is meant by the thermal unitt 3, it decided that the Union should exist. 4.

The violation ef the Tenure of Office bill. 5. (a) (b) James Fenimore Cooper. 6. The firs three; Secretary of State, War, and Treasury, were foimed during Washington's administration.

The Secretary of Navy was formed in Adams' administration, 1798. Postmaster General became a part of the aumec injacasons auminuirauoD, 1837. The Department of the Interior was formed in Polk's administration. 7. From 34 to 88 north, and in 8.

First, St. Lawrence Valley; sec ond, from the Atlantic to the AUe- ghanies; third, from the AUeghanies to the Mississippi; fourth The Pacific SIodc: fifth. From the MiaaiaiiDDi Val ley to the Eocky Mountains. 9. The Whig party originated dur ing Jackson's administration.

Their principles were a high protective tariff, National bank, publio improvements. xnty elected Harrison in le4l and Taylor in 1848. This was a branch of the Republican or Democrat Party. The Know Nothing party originated during Pierce's administration. Their principle was Let Americans rule America." It existed but a short time.

Free' Soilers originated during Taylor's administration. Their principle was that the extension of slavery should be prohibited in the Territories by Congress. The Republican party was an outgrowth of the Free Soilers, and originated during Pierce's administration. They were opposed to the extension of slavery, 10. First, This was the name given to the line between Maryland and Pennsylvania by two surveyors appointed by England in 1767.

Second, The claims held against England by the United States for loss sustained by depredations committed by Confederate cruisers fitted out in England; finally settled in 1872 by England paying to the U. S. $16,000,000. ml i 4 a "rr a. rnim a unnviinriAii nam in Harr.

AUUU WAIT liUlVUA AAVJVt WV ford by the Federal party in 1814; its! proceedings were secret, but were one of the causes of the ruin of that party 1 A. wmcn was not in iavor oi me war measures. Mtra Sheldon, Oskaloosa, Ks. LITERATURE. 1 Dr.

Samuel Johnson wrote "Rasselas," in a single week, to pay the expenses of his mother's funeral. 2 The Sonnet was borrowed from the Italian. Petrarch is said to be the father of this poem. 3 "The London Daily Post and General Advertiser," established in 1726 was the first daily newspaper published in London, 4 "Peregrine Pickle" was written by Tobias Smollett, a novelist of the 18th century. "The Tale of the Tub" and "Gullivers were productions of Jonathan Swift.

"The in 1728, displays the brilliant and versatile of Pope. Bells" was written by Edgar Allen Po. Victor Hugo wrote "Lea Miserable." 5 Riddles of 6 "Pilgrims, bow low to kiss him," Pope. "The vital part of the body," Hart. "Cuts and mends for first class custom rs," Taylor.

"A kind of Linen," Holland. 7 Ben. Johnson wrote "Every Man in his Humor." Frances E. Katnek, Troy, Kan. ANSWERS TO GRAMMAR QUESTIONS.

1 Synopsis is the regular arrangement of the forms of one person and number of the verb in all the modes ard tenses. Conjugation is the regular arrangement of all the forms of the verb. 2 Verbs do not have person and number, but for the sake of euphony finite verbs assume different forms to agree with their subjects. 3 Dental is an articulate sound obstructed at the teeth or gums; labial an artieuUte sound obstructed at the lips; aspirate an articulate sound made witbiut ibe vibration of the vocal cords. (a) Ruin seize thee, ruthless king 1 Confusion on tby banners wait.

(6) Tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep! (c) Let any man once show the world 1 that he feels Afraid of its and 'twill fly at bis heels. 7. What opera written to ridicule the Italian became famous in itself? PHYSIOLOGY. 1. What is the function of liga ments? 2.

What is the function of the paro tid gland? 3. Give use of spleen. 4. Describe circulation of the blood. 5.

Why is salt useful as an article of food? 5. What are the best methods of cooking food? 7. Describe bile, its secretions when, where, etc. 8. What is Hemiplegia? Paraple gia? Of what use is the setaceous matter of the skin? LICENSING TEACHERS.

What would be thought of a medical college that would grant certificates to practice for six months What would be thought of a legislature that would authorize such, or allow persons hold ing such to practice? Is it not better to allow one to administer medicine to the body for that limited time than to mind and spirit? And yet we grant persons the latter privilege, and withhold the former. In all the experience and observation of the writer ha baa never beard a good reason for granting this grade of certificate. He would also presume to condemn the granting of a first-grade certificate only to those who can teach book-keeping and philosophy. A state ought to certify what are the branches to be taught in her common schools, and grant a first grade certificate to those who are sufficiently qualified to teach these branches. While the present theory may be good it tends to foster a desire to get a smattering of many things, rather than a master of the few more important branches.

One may get an average of 100 per cent in all the common branches; may have a splendid mastery Of arithmetic, grammar, may have taught four years, and can get a certificate but for one year. Yet one who has taught one year and gets an average of 90 per cent, probably 100 per cent in bookkeeping, and 80 per cent in grammar, receives bis first grade certificate, which can be renewed The custom does not reward thorough work as much as a more' superficial 'We think it i3 wrong; air wrong. We believe in a thorough qualification for the profession hope to see the time when our glorious State will have thousands of life diplomas, and when we will need no county But if our schools advance, truly, it must be from having a mastery of the few things. Monotony. Teaching is never a montonous work to the genuine teacher.

He never plows the same field twice who looks at the growing mind and character which be is helping to develop rather than at the pages of the text-book which he is teaching, who looks at the learning of lessons merely as a means, and the unfolding of divine faculties at the end. Schoolmaster. Our art department is unequalled in Kansas. Investigate. Tuition $10 per term.

Our commercial room has been considered by all visitors to be the finest in the S'ite. Send for catalogue. good of bier schools. If our students could not leave here and be an aid to the institutes W3 would rather tbey bad remained at home. No, no, let us be liberal in this matter of education.

Let us urge higher qualification and let it be obtained when and how the individual -will. Right here, we beg leave to say a word in regard to coercion in this matter of schools. The man or woman who puts school work upon the level of ordinary business degrades himself and our profession. Courtesy and honor are demanded and if withheld failure must inevitably follow. The man who bids and electioneers for a position or one who coerces and "bulldozes" a student has but a temporory gain.

For ourselves we want no student who cannot come satisfied that he is mak ing the right We know what we have the President knows and loves his faculty; we know that froiA Sept. to the present our work has given perfect satisfaction. Every student has left proud of his work, proud of his school and will do more for the UDbuildincr of our school than ten times as many agents. A few months since one Of our best students received a letter from a prominent school man in Kansas who offered inducements for him to leave here and come to him. We thank Heaven that we do not owe anvthintr to such a measure.

That 0 Student went to the President within a week after receiving the letter and announced bis intention of remaining next year. We want students who know what they want and who have enough original thought to decide for themselves from catalogues and circulars what the character of a school will be. Many catalogues have bright pictures and are not found to be as represented. In regard to this we will refer all who maybe skeptical concerning our advertisement to any student whose name occurs in our catalogue. 1 Our school work is so arranged as to enable young men and women to fit themselves for any profession.

We desire that all interested in education will study our three-year collegiate course. The commercial department promises to be exceedingly popular next year. The facilities for acquiring a thorough and practial education are unsurpassed. Some of our graduates are filling good positions in various parts of the state, rrof. Brown brings to this work a vast knowledge of the actual business world; has a fund of humor and tact: and above all is ft thorough normal teacher.

-f v- Education More Than School. Education in its broad sense is the whole of human existence. The mistake is often made of assuming that the schools ought to do it all; and education in this wida meaning is often spoken of as if it were the product to be looked for in common schools. The school as now organized should claim to do only a certain part of this for education does not begin with the schools; it is not confined to the school during the brief period of school-life. Edu cation in the broad sense, is one thing; and education in its restricted sense, as applied to common-school training, is much less though of course it should always be a fitting part of the great fwhole.

The word education is often in this double sense in discussions about school. Such a confusion of terms has led to many an error on the subject Supt. A. P. MarlU, Wormier.

each step in every process. His work will be Imitated. If bad his pupils work will be slovenly if neat and systematic that of his pupils will be so, Neatness should be watched by the examiner. Again, not enough importance is attached to analysis. He is considered more worthy who can solve some puzzle in permutation or insurance or men suration than he who can write out a clear demonstration of a problem in compound numbers more important to have a good painter for a house than a good carpenter Right here, we want to touch the question of examinations for primary teachers.

For years bavo we heard it echoed throughout the land that it was rank injustice to compel these persons to pass the same examination as those who teach h'gher departments. They claim that it becomes necessary to spend much time that belongs to their pupils to reviewing up and preparing for examination. That as they do not teach percentage they have to keep reviewing all the time. This brings to mind two important questions of interest to our profession. One that teachers should be thoroughly prepared for their work, both in scholarship and in professional training, and admitted into the profession and freed from future examinations.

The first will be admitted by all who have gives the matter much consideration. Geometry will make one a better teacher of arithmetic, and Latin and Greekjwill make one a far better teacher of grammar. There is no necessity for this tirade against frequent examination. Liberal provision is made for those who dislike examinations to make one answer for the remainder of their life-time. In Kansas the State Board meets at Topeka on the fourth of August to examine applicants for life diplomas, I suppose that a similar provision is made in all states.

In few is the standard too high, yet frequently it is too technical. Would that we had one thousand life diplomas in Kansas and Nebraska! When our teachers will be compelled to qualify themselves for this as for the medical profession-then they should have life certificates. When examiners knew that teachers have crammed themselves just for examination, they are justified in requir ing them to come again, hoping in time to have some knowledge fixed. Many times it seems to be. the desire of the examiner not to ascertain what the applicant but rather of what he does not know, There is too much disparity in the.

question pro posed. Would it not be well to have a State Board composed of leading public school teachers a part of whose duty it would be to furnish the questions for the State? They could send these to the several superintendents and thus we would have but one examiner in a county. Then a certificate in one county ought to be good hi any part of the state. By such a plan we certainly could have a much greater uniformity in examinations and also in teachers. There might be an improvement in the questions asked as the Board ought to be composed of three of the leading teachers in the State, who should as a qualification hold a Ufa diploma.

Skkd in your subscription for the Advocate. 25 cents per year. Send for catalogue of the Campbell Normal University. The prospect is jpod for a large medical class..