Inter-State Veterinarian from Erie, Kansas • 7

THE IN l-STAKE YETERINARIAN, ERIE, KANSAS, APRIL, 1917. Ease 7. appears mat tne more neaitny outdoor life with exercise, which this animal generally leads, makes it much less ceptible to the natural modes of infection than man Mtl or flwmn known by the name of "blind staggers," fourth day and recover. In a few cases and in many of the Southern states this the spinal symptoms, manifested by has been attributed tothe consumption paraplegia, may be the most prominent of worm-eaten corn. Horses.

of all ages in others they may be alto-and "mules are subject to this disease. gether absent and the main symptoms Symptoms. The symptoms which typify sporadic ing. Rarely, it may affect one limb or epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis in only. In all, cases where coma remains -T fcr Vf 4A1 Vf However, when tuberculosis is encountered in the horse it is generally found in young' animals; and in these me muercuiar, lesions are most frequent ly round the mesenteric and other abdominal glands.

These glands are iiuunu enlarged, and tney iorm agglomer-, ated, nodular, tubercular masses, the mesentery and omentum is thickpneri and the intestinal mucus membrane often tubercular ulcers. The tubercular masses may large veins, compressing and may rupture into them and discharge the -tubercular material, bringing about a generalized, acute miliary tuberculosis. In abdominal tuberculosis, in the horsfe the spleen is frequently found involved, the liver rarely. The former may sume a large size and may weigh 20 tp 25 pounds. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is generally of the miliary- type, which large tubercular nodules and masses are rare- ly seen in the lungs of this animal.

The peribronchial lymph nodes are found en- absent six seven days the animal is likely to recover. When changes toward recovery take place, the symptoms usually leave in the reverse order in which they developed, but local paralysis may remain for some time, rarely persistent. One attack does not give immunity, for it, may. recur at some later time and prove fatal. Horses have been known to pass thru three attacks, being affected for a week or longer each time.

Treatment. In tthe worst class of cases treatment is very seldom successful, and it is dangerous to attempt the administration of medicine by the mouth on account of the inability of the animal to swallow. Pathology. Post-mortem examination reveals, in some cases, more or less congestion of the blood vessels at the base of the brain and, effusion in the ventricles and in the subarachnoid space, both in the cranial and the spinal cavities. The brain and cord appear softened in some cases where the greatest evidence of inflammatory action existed.

In other cases the postmortem examination is entirely negative, no gross lesions being visible. Hygiene Measures Needful. Whenever this disease appears in a stable all the animals should be removed as soon as possible. They should be pro- vided with" clean, well-ventilated, and well drained and each animal should receive a laxative and be fed food and man are not witnessed among horses, namely, excessive pain, high fever, and early muscular rigidity. In the recognition of the severity of the attack we may divide the symptoms into three grades! On the most rapidly fatal attacks the animal may first indicate it by weak, gering gait, partial or total inability to swallow solids or liquids, impairment of eyesight, twitching of the muscles, and slight cramps may be observed.

As a rule, the temperature is not elevated indeed, it is sometimes below normal. This is soon followed by a paralysis of the whole body, inability to stand, delirium in which the animal sometimes goes thru a series of automatic movements as if trotting or running; the delirium may become Very violent and the animal in his unconsciousness may bruise his head in his struggles very seriously, but usually a deep coma renders him quiet until he expires. Death in these cases usually takes place in from four to twenty-four hours from the time the first symptoms become manifest. The pulse is variable during the progress of the disease; it may be almost inperceptible at times and then again very rapid and irregular; the respirations generally are quick and catching. In.

the next form in which this disease may develop first becomes manifest by a difficulty in swallowing and slowness in mastication, and a weakness which may be first noticed in the strength of the tail; the animal will be unable to switch it or to offer resistance when we bend it up over he croup. The nodules. While the respiratory mucosa is sometimes ulcerated, the serous mem- branes, the pleura and peritoneum wheri j. the seat of tubercular lesions, are, a pic-. ture similar to "Pearl Disease" in cattle." The case observed was in a pure-bred Shire stallion, five' years old.

and weigh ing 1,780 pounds. He was purchased in Illinois and brought to North. Dakota during the spring of 1910; I first saw him on May ll, 1910, after he had about twenty miles and with the stallions, in this I given water from, a new clean source. locality, awaiting examination for license -The abandoned stable should be thoroly with the Stallion Registration Board. cleaned from all waste matters, receive On passing, thru the stable, his atti a coat of whitewash containing 4 ounces of carbolic acid to the gallon of water, and should have time to dry thoroly before the horses are replaced.

A complete change of food is of the very greatest importance, on account of the belief that the cause resides in diseased grain, hay and grass. EQUINE TUBERCULOSIS. pulse is often a little slower than nor-mal. There is no evidence of pain, the respirations are unchanged, and the temperature little less than normal; the bowels may be somewhat These symptoms may remain unchanged for two or three days and the gradual improvement take place, or the power to swallow may become entirely lost and the weakness and uncertainty in gait more and more perceptible; then sleepiness or coma may appear, the pulse becomes depressed, slow and weak, the breathing stertorous, and paroxisms of delirium develop, with inability to stand, and some rigidity of the spinal muscles or partial cramp of the neck and jaws. In such cases death may occur in from six to ten days from the commencement of the attack.

In many cases there is no evidence of pain, spasm, or fever at any time during the progress of the disease, and finally profound coma develops and death follows, painless and without a struggle. In the last or mildest form the inability of voluntary control of the limbs becomes but slightly marked, the power of swallowing never entirely lost, and the animal has no fever, pain or unconscious movements. Generally the animal will begin to improve about the tude attracted my attention his tempera-ure was taken and found to be 104, with a pulse of 60.. He was immediately iso-. lated, fearing influenza.

The following morning" his temperature was 102, pulse 48. He was then examined, but not put thru the ordinary routine. A small enlargement was found at the entrance of the thorax just above the joint of the sternum, but, owing to' his good condition, palpation did not reveal its outlines distinctly. Nothing more was seen of the stallion until August 10, when I was summoned to the farm and found him greatly emaciated. The owner stated that he had been running down all summer and had had a chronic cough.

The tumor at the entrance of the thorax was now plainly visible and found to be pressing upon, the trachea and emerging vessels. Respiration was difficult at 60, temperature 102, pulse 60. Auscultation over the lungs showed a dulness along their posterior borders, and a peculiar tubular breathing thruout. An examination on August 13 showed no change. On August 27, pulse and temperature remained the same as on August 10, but respiration was more dif- By R.

E. Shigley, M. D. Kenmore, N. D.

"Careful observation makes a skillful practioner, but his skill dies with him. By recording his observations, he adds to the knowledge of his profession, and assists by his facts in building up the solid edifice of pathological science." It is not my purpose to enter into a lengthy discussion, but merely to state a few facts regarding Equine Tuberculosis, together with a case report which, I regret to say, is meager owing to the distance froni the office at which it occurred. Tuberculosis in the horse is not very common, tho the animal is quite susceptible to artificial inoculation of the tubercle bacillus -or tubercular material; but it.