Inter-State Veterinarian from Erie, Kansas • 3

Ttffi INTlR-STATE VETEitiNARIAN, ERIE, KANSAS, MARCH, 1917. Page 3. SEMI-ANNAUL MEETING the nose has become purulent. (2) Nose Complications (including nasal and frontal sinus infection). As long as the distemper is uncomplicated, the nasal secretion is usually scanty, and if it is at all abundant is it watery in character.

When it becomes purulent, Of the Practitioners Veterinary Medical Association of Oklahoma Program Opening, 10 a. m. Roll call. Reading of Minutes. Reports of Committees.

Admission of New Members. Address of Welcome Pres. J. W. Cant-well, A.

M. College. Response Pres. of Association, Dr. B.

C. Jones, Garber. Announcements of any change in program concerning boarding, etc. Hemorrhagic Septicaemia and Anthrax, symptoms, treatment and differential diagnosis. L.

L. Lewis, A. M. College. The Significance of Strongylus Infecta-tions.

Dr. E. A. Benbrooke, A. M.

College. The Different Biology Tests for Glanders and Tuberculosis. Dr. F. S.

Hathaway, A. M. College. Inspection for Interstate Shipments. Dr.

D. F. Hinckley, State Veterinarian. Economic Production of Dairy Products. Prof.

A. C. Baer, A. M. College.

Dairy Sanitation, past, present and future. Dr. R. V. Mann.

Sanitation in Swine Husbandry. Dr. J. K. Callicotte, Stock Yards Serum Oklahoma City.

Co-Operation of County Agents and Veterinarians. County Agt. Mostello, Caddo County. Equine Influenza Diagnosis and Control. Dr.

R. F. Foster, El Reno. Glanders, Clinical Symptoms and Autopsy Lesions. Dr.

L. Brown, Guthrie. The Horse Breeding Industry in Oklahoma. W. L.

Carlyle, Dean and Director of Agriculture, A. M. College. A Practical Asepsis for the Practitioner. Dr.

W. P. Shuler, A. M. College.

Clinic. Any veterinarians and farmer-stockmen cordially invited. Dr. B. C.

Jones, President, Garber, Okla. Dr. B. F. Williams, Duncan, Okla.

growth of a stayphylococcus. 5. I have also shown in an epidemic of distemper among cats that the distemper' organism was entirely replaced by a "pure" growth of a single other organism. 6. There are abundant instances in human pathology where the place of the 1 original' exciter of a specific pathological process is taken by a set of other organisms having no causal relation to the original disease e.

gonorrhea, bronchopneumonia in measles. The question now arises whether the secondary infections are themselves, in some, cases, infectious in the sense that they can be passed from a dog thus' sec-' ondarily infected to a dog whose mucous membranes are debilitated by the previous growth of the distemper organism. (I do not consider healthy dogs in this connection; because I do not think healthy dogs can be so infected by the secondary bacteria found in distemper.) The following points would lead one to infer that they are infectious in this limited sense of the term: 1. A pup eight months old, which was suffering from uncomplicated distemper, was placed in the same stall with a pup suffering from a purulent staphylococcal nasal discharge, secondary to distemper. Within 1 a few days the first pup developed a rise of temperature and a purulent nasal discharge due to a staphylococcus.

2. Five pups from five different distemper infected kennels were sent to a dog show. On the day after return from the show they all became violently ill with purulent discharge from the nose and eyes, weakness, excessive diarrhea, and somnolence. A post-mortem on one of them showed in cultures made from the usual sites a variety of organisms, the distemper organism, however, not being found. Poison criminally administered at the show could not, however, be excluded in these cases.

3. In my experience, all the1 dogs with these secondary infections were obtained from private kennels outside. As contrasted with this, I never, except in the cases mentioned above, obtained in the dog any case of secondary infections inside the laboratory. I attribute this to the fact that the dogs were strictly confined to it and had no opportunity of coming in contact with a source from which they might obtain "these secondary infections. (1) Eye Complications.

I have placed these in' this group because I have only once obtained a single colony of the distemper organism from the conjunctival sac; altho cultures made from cases with eye complications gave abundant growths of a variety of organisms. The conditions I have observed in the eye are epiphorea, purulent conjunctivitis, interstitial keratitis (of a fleeting kind), corneal ulcers, with resultant leukomata. the disease has become mixedly infected, and, as a consequence of this, it is with the greatest difficulty that one can obtain the distemper organism from the nasal secretion, owing to the abundant growth of other organisms. The nose is often blocked with pus to such an extent that the animal has to breathe entirely thru the open mouth. In such a case saliva usually dribbles from the angles of the lips.

(3) Middle-ear complications are very common, due to infection with several organisms. In some cases the mucuos membrane is merely congested, in others, the cavity is full of pus. I have seen ten cases of this condition, without, however, any Evidence of extension to the brain. (4) Pneumonias and Empyemata. These are the most common terminations to an attack of distemper.

I have performed post-mortems on forty such cases and have obtained as many as eight different organisms, including the distemper organism, from the lungs of a single case. The pneumonia is broncho-pneumonic in type and purulent in character usually. As in pneumonias due to a pure infection, the contrast between symptoms during life and post-mortem findings is great. (5) The next group of symptoms, usually classed as "abdominal distemper," to my mind are not indicative of distempem per se, but of a cachectic septic condition entirely secondary to the disease. The group includes: Wasting, ulcers on mucous membrane of mouth and gums, dirty teeth, stinking breath vomiting, and diarrhea.

Usually along with these are included jaundice or "the yellows," and in some cases bloody diarrhea and passage of pure blood per rectum. (c) Complications Due to Toxing. In this group I would place the various paralyses that occur in dogs with distemper. I have seen seven cases of this kind and all the cases were of the nature of a paraplegia flaccid from the onset, which tended to improve with time. Histological examinations showed small-celled infiltration of the vessels and gray matter of the cord, a condition indicating poisoning of the cord by some toxin.

Cultures made from the cord at autopsy were sterile. (d) Complications due to causes other than the foregoing. The chief complication to be considered here is the rash. I have only seen it three times in about 200 dogs ill with distemper. Cultures REPORTS OF CASES.

Successful Treatment of Tetanus. I am going to tell you how I use Tetanus Antitoxin with success. In 1910, we had eight cases and lost one. I prognosed that case as incurable at once. When I am called to see an animal, and diagnose tetanus, if wound is in foot, I at once bleed from vein nearest wound.

I take two and one-half gallons, if animal weighs 1000 to 1200 pounds, more if weight exceeds that. Syringe wound with equal parts of iodine and carbolic acid. If temperature is 101 i I give eight boxes Tetanus Antitoxin as follows: First dose, four boxes; second dose, two; third and fourth, one. If temperature is 102, I give sixteen boxes as follows: Six the first dose, four the second, two the fourth; each (Continued on Page 8.) from the pustules, in my cases, have always given pure growth of a staphylococcus. (e) Mixtures of the above complications.

A case may show at one time or at different times several of the above-mentioned complications. I consider that these complications are due to a blocking of the nasal duct with consequent damming back of secretions, or to a direct spread of infection from the nbse thru the nasal duct. They generally occur when the secretion' from.