Riley County Educator from Manhattan, Kansas • 2

orthography, is that the pupil learns to spell if he learns at all by form' ing and retaining accurate visual images of toord forms. He must learn orthography almost altogether by eye. Roark's Method in Education. It should be borne in mind that tho successful teaching of Bpelling is more an exercise of the eye than of the ear. Henderson's Test Words in Spelling.

People are very seldom called upon to spell orally. Pupils are taught spelling that they may write words correctly, and the eye, which is the guide, should be trained to distinguish at sight the right or wrong form of a word. It is hardly necessary to add that spelling should be principally a written exercise. Buckwalter's Primary Spelling-Book. Since the usefulness of knowing how to spell is limited mainly to connection with what one writes, it is plain that correctness must be by the eye rather than by the ear.

Oral spelling is comparatively of little worth. Spelling has mainly to do with written work. The first contact of a pupil with a word to be spelled should be when writing it in intelligible connection with other words. The impression of its form will thus be made far more effective and abiding. Harrington's Graded Spelling-Book.

People do not go through life spelling orally; the preacher does not spell to his flock, nor the lawyer to his jury, nor even the teacher to his school. But these and all others have need to write words, and the boy or girl brought up on oral spelling alone, will be apt to miss some quite common words in writing a simple letter. Roark's Method in Education. VALUE OF ORAL SPELLING. The chief good of oral spelling next to verve and spirit of emulation aroused by it is the drill it affords in clear enunciation and correct pronunciation.

In all oral spelling, special regard should be had for these two The pleasing effect of a good voice may be greatly marred by careless enunciation. Pupils should be trained from the very first in distinctness of utterance, in giving the vowels their full value, with a deep open throat. As much emphasis should be put upon clear and well-modulated utterance, and upon correctness of pronunciation, in oral spelling as in reading, Roark's Method in Education. VALUE OF WRITTEN SPELLING. Written spelling gives a double opportunity to imprint visual images, and it strengthens these impressions through both ear and hand.

It has the advantage, also, of enabling the teacher to test each pupil on every word. Written spelling exercises may be greatly varied, and much may be done in them besides merely writing a list of words with letters correctly placed. Quite frequently this may be all that is required but sometimes the exercise should include proper syllabicationan important and rather neglected matter; sometimes the teacher should require all letters to be diacritically marked and the accents properly placed; and at other times account should be taken of capitals, hyphens, apostrophes, and of everything that helps to make the words. Roark's Method in Education. very long time and may have gone to the present continent of North America before or after tho partial sinking of Atlantis.

19. From the reading of ancient books of Mexico and Central America many investigators are led to believe that the first civilization of the world arose near Central America. America is geographically the oldest continent, and these old books confirm the theory that ages ago that part of the continent upon which appeared the first civilization sank beneath the waves of the Atlantic. In fact these old books confirm the old Egyptian books from which Solon received his account of the Lost Atlantis. What the Art of Spelling Includes, The art of spelling includes more than merely tho correct placing of letters in words.

To know how to spell is to know not only what letters are in a word, and in what order to place them, but to know also the phonic value of each letter and the symbol (diacritical) of that value, the correct division of the word into syllables, on which syllable the accent falls, and by a little extension of the subject-something of the derivation and use of words. Stated somewhat technically, spelling includes orthography, orthoepy, and, to some extent, lexicography. Roark's Method in Education. An accurate and elegant pronunciation and the ability to write correctly and easily without mistakes in spelling, use of capitals, or punctuation, are the basis of a liberal education as well as the almost certain index of cultivation and refinement. Irish's Orthography and Orthoepy.

Since we speak English more than we write it, correct pronunciation is given place in proportion to its importance. Sever 's Progressive Speller. Correct pronunciation is an essential element in a good education. Metcalf and De Garmo's Dictionary Work. Short lessons perfectly learned should be an invariable rule in teaching spelling.

In class recitation pronunciation is the first exercise connected with spelling. Watson's Complete Speller. The mastery of words as vehicles of ideas and instruments of thought, is the key to knowledge. Hence the first work of the schoolroom is to teach the child to pronounce words at sight, to reproduce them in spelling, and to be able to use them in the expression of thought. Standard Pronouncing Speller.

Practical analysis is available to all; it is needful to all. The foundation principle of analysis is that syllables are usually significant. The truth of this may be verified by very slight observation. It may be also readily observed that a significant syllable carries its value into all combinations, expressing its naked literal sense or some beautiful related metaphor. Touch a composite word, and you touch nothing; touch its syllables, and you cause the word at once to illuminate the and charm the sensibilities.

The touch of analysis results at once in knowledge and appreciation. Kennedy's What Words Say. WEAKNESS OF ORAL SPELLING. The chief fault of the old oral spelling was that it appealed almost altogether to the ear. It ought to have been realized much earlier than it was, that English can never be spelled by ear.

The one fact to keep fixedly in mind, in the teaching of viz: In Armenia, Choi, Colua, Zui-vana, Cholimar and Zalissa; in Central America, Cholula, Coluacan, Zui-van, Colima and Xalisco. This fact seems to be a strong proof in favor of the theory that these languages were derived from the same source and can be accounted for upon the Atlantean theory. 10. Chisel heads found in Central America are almost identical in form and material with those found in Suffolk county, England. 11.

The Ethiopians, Persians, Creeks and Romans embalmed their dead so did the ancient peoples of Mexico, Central America and Peru and some of the tribes of "North America. 12. The Scythians and the Jews scalped their enemies so did the American Indians. 13. All races were represented among the aborigines of America when the Spanish made their explorations.

The Menomineesof Lake Michigan and the Zunis of Mexico were white. The Kaw Indians and some of the Central American tribes were as black as the Ethiopians. This fact certainly indicates that at one time there was land connection or at least that there was easy communication between the continents. 14. Cotton was cultivated in both the Old and New World from early times.

It had been found growing wild in the New but never in the Old World. Cotton Plants taken from the New to the Old World degenerate, but plants taken from the Old to the New World improve. This proves that cotton is a native of America and was carried to Europe either by land or by sea. 15. Every tribe on the Western continent and every nation on the Eastern continent had traditions every point of which corroborates the account of the creation of the world as recorded in Genesis.

Was this chance, or did all spring from a common source? 16. Central America had its Tower Babel the Pyramid of Cholula. The tradition is that the inhabitants tried to reach their god, the sun, by building a pyramid to the heavens. The hosts of heaven were displeased; they sallied forth, destroyed the edifice, and scattered the builders to all parts of the earth. How like the history of the Tower of Babel! Is this a mere coincidence? The ruins of this pyramid can be seen to this day.

It was 1,400 feet square, covering 45 acres, or three and one-half times the space covered by Cheops and had reached a height of one hundred feet. 17. The Builders entered the Mississippi Valley from the south and began settlement near the Gulf. They made settlements all along the Mississippi river and its tributaries and there arc indications that their settlements crossed the Ilio Grande into Mexico. They worked the copper mines around the great lakes.

There seems to be no doubt that their heaviest works and most numerous population were near the Gulf, proving that this ancient people came from the south, or Atlantis, as at a very ancient period Atlantis extended to and connected with the West Indies. 18. If this ancient continent reached from Europe to Central America as some seem to think, at that time there could have been no "Gulf Stream," and this fact may account for "Ice Age" in North America. The Mound Builders were a very ancient race and occupied the Mississippi Valley for a TOO DISCOVERED AMERICA? HISTORICAL NOTliS BY UNCUS JAKK. FIFTH PAPER.

Pursuant to promise the writer will now-bring some proofs to sustain the position that Atlantis was not a myth but did exist, and that the story handed down from Plato is true history. 1. United States ships haws located by soundings the backbone of this continent which reached from Iceland to St. Helena. The Azores islands are the tops of the highest mountain peaks.

The American steamer Gettysburg anchored in ninety feet of water near those islands. The strips of land reaching Ireland, Africa and South America have also been found. Evidences of volcanic action have been found on the islands of that region and in fact there is evidence to show that the backbone of the sunken continent was a line of volcanoes. Eruptions occurred on the Azores or neighboring islands in 1091, 1720, 1808 and 1811. The peaks of Iceland and St.

Helena are of volcanic origin. Therefore it seems that there is nothing impossible or even improbable in this part of the theory. 2. The ancient peoples of America were sun-worshippers and so were the ancient Egyptians and Phumicians. This is easily accounted for upon the theory that Egypt, Phoenicia and America were colonies sent out from Atlantis and it could not be accounted for upon any theory other than that these peoples sprang from the same source.

3. The mosaic work of the Aztecs and the ancient peoples of America found in the ancient ruins of Mexico and Central America is very similar to that of the ancient Egyptians. This mosaic work can be found on the walls of the ancient temples and palaces of Palenque, Copan, Quirigua and Mitla. 4. All the legends of the early peoples of both continents speak of the empire to the west of the Pillars of Hercules, all of which can be accounted for by the Atlantean theory.

5. Fossil remains found in the 'bad lands" of Nebraska indicate that the horse was a native of America. The Atlanteans domesticated him and took him to Europe. 6. Remains of the camel have been found in India, Africa, South America and in Kansas.

The cave bear of Europe is identical with the grizzly bear of North America. The ancient bison of Europe is identical with the American buffalo. The Norway elk is identical with the American moose. The alpacas and llamas of South America are species of the camel. The reindeer of Europe is identical with that of America.

The magnolias, tulip trees, maples, robinas and sequoias of Florida and South Carolina existed during the Miocene Age of Europe. These facts are certainly strong evidence that there once was land communication between the two present continents or that man aided in the distribution more probably the formereither of which proves the existence of Atlantis. J. All races except the black race have traditions of the deluge. This race was not a colony sent out from Atlantis and does not belong to the earlier civilizations.

8. Pipes found in the mounds of Ireland are very similar to those found in New Jersey. 9. In Ptolemy's geography of Asia Minor appears the location of five cities whose names have their counterparts in names of Central America, There is no less reason for artistic school houses, school rooms, and school grounds, than for artistic homes. Exchange..