Hutchinson Times from Hutchinson, Kansas • 6

EQUINE SURCERV. mE YOUNG REPUBLIC. 400 dlfPoront spnoloa of ornamental woods were exhibited at the last National Exposition hold In Brazil, and even this exhibition was bollovod not to exhaust the number. Nor is the forest wealth of lira, ill exhausted with tho list has boon cleared of tho Indigenous thousand spoclei of grassos spring up, and by tho utmont exertion the husbandman Is unablo to save his crop from tho woods. A road must bo oloarod through tho forest with tho gazed wondrrlngly at tho doctors; with patient eyes, moaning with paini and fright and struggling whenever a.

nervo was pierced. But tho removal; of the tooth ended tho pain, and' when all was over the wound was carefully dressed and tho horse led to his stall. Sometimes horses have trade with Europo. It Is singularly favored by nature, having no less than eight spacious harbors, anyone of which will admit ships of twonty foot draught. Like most tropical cltlos, Buhla is not Impressive to the sight, at loast so far as the buildings are concerned low of them exceed one story In height; most are of slight construction, tho materials bolng easily avallablo and very cheap.

A few poles, a few walls of Interlaced palm leaves, a roof of palm or tiles, and the tropical house in Buhla Is complete. The city Is spread over a wldo oxtont of ground, since plenty of room Is very essential in the tropics, and no dwoillng so poor as to he without its shade trees. The soil of tho State is especially well adaptod to tho growth of tho sugar rano, and from one planting live or six crops may be cut before a replanting becomes necessary. It Is said that were the price of sugar suilk'lently remunerative to justify tho clearing of the ground liahla could supply tho world with sweetness and have some to sparo fur homo consumption. Commercially, tho State, of Rio do Janeiro is of wore importance than any other In the republic.

Its lower ox-tremlty is on the Tropic of Capricorn, so that the city has a climate almost exactly that of Havana, which lies under the Tropic of Cancor; tho State has 300 miles of coast lino, an area of 08.000 square miles and a population of the city itsolf, tho municipality" already mentioned, having a population of 400,000. Nearly two-thirds of tho sugar and cofleo exports of Iirazll find their way to tho outsido world through the magnlllcont harbor of Klo, and in sight of the wondorful Sugar Loaf Mountain, a remarkable natural formation, may bo seen at one time tho flags of every maritime nation In tho world. In 1888 3,330,185 bags of coffee were exported from Klo alone, each bag weighing 132 and moro than two-thirds of the entire export coming to this country. Reciprocity with such a country would pay well, and the sound po Icy which has dictated a commercial treaty will doubtless bear rich fruits in tho near future. The city of Rio de Janeiro does not differ greatly from other cities save In such respects as are incidental to its situation and climate.

It is fairly well built, well lighted, and has good communications in the shape of street cars and other conveniences, but the drainage is Imperfect, and yellow fever is almost constantly present, though rarely assuming a malignant form. Several natural elevations in tho city give it an extremely picturesque appearance, and the abundance of tropical vegetation imparts a luxuriance to the scene Witnessed nowhere save under a tropical sky. Besides various public institutions founded under the empire and fostered by the liberal policy of the rulers, the city can boast of one of the finest libraries in the world. When the ruling family of Portugal emigrated to Brazil the royal library was taken along, and so the Brazilians have a collection of over 100,000 volumes and manuscripts mostly relating to the early Portuguese travels and settlements, and, historically considered, of immense valuo. An Injured Home Ii Atmoit an Well Cared For a an Injured Man When It was announced that Uncle Bob, tho American Derby winner of 1800, who broko his log at Garfield Bark, Chicago, would not bo shot thero was great rejoicing among tho sporting fraternity.

Several of his admirers paused a moment while colebratlng tho glad tidings to pay a passing compliment to veterinary surgery, which put a horse's broken le in splints instead of putting a bullet into his brain. Thero seems to be a general impression, says the Chicago News, that only remedy for a broken bone in a horse is plenty of powder and lead, Judiciously and promptly administered. To tho great majority of people the idea that the unfortunate animal need not give Its life as a penalty for a fractured limb was so novel as to excite wonder, yet splints aro placod daily around broken legs of horses. One of tho young doctors on tho staff of the Chicago Veterinary College, when the inquiry was put "Why 4s it necessary to shoot a horse when it breaks a leg?" promptly answered: "Thero are plenty of fool ideas floating around regarding horses, but the most foolish of tho lot Is the idea that the broken bones of a horse will not unite. The plain fact is that they will join as readily as the bones of a man, and all that is necessary to make a union is to koep the patient quiet.

Now, that is the sum and substance of it all. If you can keep your horse quiet you can set any bono in his body, but there Is where the trouble comes in. It is impossible to make a horse keep still. "Much depends on the locality of tho If it is below the kneo and not comminuted that is, if the bone is not broken in fragments the leg can be put in a plaster cast, the horse placed in a sling, and the chances are that the bono will unite all right. It will take four to six weeks to make a union, and the horse will probably go lame for three or four months after.

J. fracture below the hock can bo treated successfully, A HORSE IN A SUKa but if it is above, the bullet is the only thing to recommend, for there is no way to keep the leg fixed, and the horse will not keep still. Thus the conditions are against a union, and the broken bones kep the animal in such agony that it is a merciful act to kill it. "If a horse had as much sense as a dog we could treat it more successfully, for a dog will hold his broken leg up and travel on three legs, but a horse apparently does not favor the Injured limb, but will rest its weight on a fractured bone as though the bone were whole. It will not do to sling a horse completely off its feet, for the entire weight would come on the respiratory and digestive organs, producing such distress that the horse would die.

The sling is used to prevent the horse lying down, and is so adjusted that tho animal can put its weight on the 6ling by slightly bend-ling the knees." When the young surgeon had finished talking he led the way to 'the operating-room, where Dr. Sayers, assisted by Dr. Hughes, was performing an exceedingly nice operation in ON TnB OPERATING veternary dentistry. The tooth in the case was far back in the upper jaw, so badly decayed that it had disappeared from sight. The operating table had a tilting top, moved by a screw lever.

Straps for binding the legs, body and neck were firmly attached to the table top, which stood on its edge, while the blindfolded horse was strapped securely. The wheel was turned and the table tilted from the perpendicular to the horizontal position, carrying the horse with it. As there was nothing of the tooth for the forceps to grasp, it was decided that the only way to extract the tooth was to push it out. After giving the seat of pain an injection of cocaine Dr. Sayers drilled a hole straight into the jawbone above the tooth, passing through a large pus cavity and severing several small arteries, which were carefully ligatured.

The tooth was so soft and so rotten that large pieces were found floating in the pus. When the loose fragments of the tooth had been crushed and drawn out through the incision an iron bar was placed against the roots and the tooth was driven down and out by a mallet. During the operation the sufferer BRAZIL, ITS FIVERS, FORESTS, PEOPLE AND PRODUCTS. Country Larger than the United State The limnenae Amnion Valley and It Trackle Wood Vegetable and Mineral Wealth, A Mighty State. Becent stirring events in Brazil, tho overthrow of an old and government, the foundation of a republic, and the unsuccessful attempt of Its subversion, have given to this fur-iway country an Interest which otherwise It could nover have acquired.

In shape, lira11 closely resomblos a heart a heart of enormous extent, by the way, being noar.y 3,700 miles from north to south, nearly tho same from sast to west, and comprising within its territorial limits about 8,200,000 squaro miles. Great Itritaln has more territory, but the dominions of Great Britain are scattered over all the globe; the Czar has under his control a groator nuiuberof nquar miles, but thoy aro containud In two continents; In Brazil alone can it bu said that in ono political and geogvaphl-cat division Is comprised a greater oxtont of territory than in any othor country on the globe. Excluding Alaska liraz.il ha 200,000 squire miles more of area than has tho United States, or, to us? a familiar expression, Is as large as tho United States and one-half of Mexico. It Is nearly a far from tho most northorn point In Brazil to tho most southern as from Now York to San Francisco, or from tho frontlor of Mexico to the Arctic circle. We are accustomed to think of Brazil as a tropical country, but as a mattor of fact the most northern province of that vast country Is almost as far from the equator as tho Stuto of Missouri.

Tho coast line is nearly 4,000 miles In length, and a vessel that would sail from Cape Orange to tho State of Sao l'cdro do Sul must mako a voyage equal in length to that from Now York to Liverpool. It is difficult to grasp tho Idea of so enormous a country, nor is tho difficulty lessened by a contemplation of the fact that of this vast territory moro than two-thirds are draluod by ono river system, tho grcatost In tho world. Some Idea of tho size of the Amazon may be gained from the statement that over 330 rivors, any once of which would elsewhere be doomed a considerable stream, unite to make up this giant among rivers. For nearly miles, according to Hcrndon, does tho Amazon flow In Brazil and the countrios to tho west, and some conception of its magnitude Tnn "SUQAn-LOAF" may be gained from tho fact that OOu miles from Its mouth It receives a tributary Itself 2,000 miles in longth. At Nanta, 2,300 miles from tho Atlantic, the Amazon is nearly a mile wldo, at the entrance to tho Madeira It is throe miles, at Santaroin it Is ten miles, and if tho Para River be includod In Its mouth, it empties into the sea In a gigantic stream ISO miles in width.

At frequent points In its lower course it is an inland sea, the low shores of which are not visible from either sldo, and so effi ctual a barrier Is It that until the advent of steam power the people on tho opposite banks had little more intercourse with each other than if they lived on different sides of an ocean. Brazil is thus tho most thoroughly watered country on tho globe. So numerous aro Its water coursos, and so closely do thoy interlock, that only a few short canals aie necessary to enablo vessols of considerable size to traverse the interior of the country from end to end- Nor is this all; tlio magnificent Kio Negro, tho grcatost northern tributary, itsolf 1,200 miles long, is connected by natural canals with tho Orinoco, so that river or canal transportation is a possibility from tho southern extremity of Brazil to the north coast of South America. Tho Amazon is always full; there Is no annual riso as in other rivers; Its waters are gathered from every part of a great continent, so that whon in one region the dry term prevails, In another tli" annual rains are falling, and its banks are always ovoi flowing. The tide of the ocean is perceptible 450 miles from the mouth, and a curious feature of the river is its system of side channels, joining the main river at Intervals, so that one may travel for 1.000 mile from the mouth without ever entering the main stream.

It is safer cot to do so, for at certain soasons the "bore" or tidal swell in tho river rises in tremendous waves fifteen to thirty feet in height, which sweep everything before them, uprooting tbe stoutest troes and endangering the strongest ship-. Tho Amazon Is the river of a cont nent, it rises within seventy miles of tho l'aclflc, and drains most of t-outh America, and although only partial steam communication ha been established over 10,000 miles of inland water travel have been thus opened ud to tho world. The whole of the Amazon Valley, which, as already stated, comprises two thirds ef Brazil, is one vast forest of tropical vegetation. A rocont traveler says that from tho plains of Venezuela to the pampas of tno Argentine Confederation there Is abew ldering diversity of grand and beautiful trcos, at every point intertwined with vines of such prodigious size as elsewhere to bo deemed trees, while the matted and creeping plants, draped, festooned; corded, matted, and ribboned in every direction, form an almost tmpussabla bar to the progresof the traveler. 1 ong ago Buckle pointed out that the exuberance of nature in a tropical climate, under a burning sun, with wator In abun dance, was almost as great a barrier to the progress of civilization as the rainless deserts of the Sahara or Arabia.

Nature Is too abundant When a piece cl land, with infinite pains and labor, PULLING A DECAYED TOOTH. teeth filled, and extracting, filling and cleaning tho teeth are common occurrences. Incipient Melancholia, Says the Youth's Companion: Melancholia is a grave disease, especially because of its strange and terrible tendency to induce suicide and homicide. As the patient's reasoning processes seem to be perfectly friends are seldom sufficiently on their guard. The danger is always present, however, nor is tho highest degree of intelligence or of moral worth any safeguard against it.

Tho New York Medical Journal has a report of a lecture on the importance of recognizing melancholia ini earlier stage by Doctor Burnet, lecturer in the Kansas City Medical Col-1 lege, of which report wo make free use. "There is a marked difference between sadness and melancholia," says Dr. Burnet "In ordinary sadneasi there is a cause comprehensible to the individual, and he will seek to remove it. In melancholia there is no appar-ant cause; there is some implication; of the higher faculties, and the patient; is usually indifferent to his surroundings and future progress." There are several forms of thai affection: simple melancholia, melan-' cholia agitata, melancholia attonltsu and melancholia with stupor. The, first two are tho most difficult oJ recognition, and it is these that' especially endanger the lives of thej patient and his friends.

The first important symptom of! melancholia is sleeplessness. Another symptom, of the greatest importance,) is a dull pain in the back of the head. It is only within a few years that this, symptom has been recognized. Tho! third symptom is depression of spirits, i accompanied by slower mental move-1 ments and retarded speech and actions.) When the first and the last are connected with pain in the the diagnosis may be considered asi conclusive. In melancholia agitata these three symptoms are very marked, but it is.

not so difficult to diagnose the since the agitation is of itself a strong, indication. There are generally terri-i fying hallicunations, an utter indifference to one's self and one's surround-j ings, aversion to food and inability! to sleep, except under the influence ofi drugs. The propensity to take life may come on suddenly, or be gradually deJ veloped. It is not uncommon to see! melancholiacs whose morbid tenden- cics are first brought out by some suggestion. One such patient was thought to have the "blues," and on his remarking that he wished he was dead, a friend carelessly said, "Go throw yourself over the stair railing." lie acted upon the word, fell through three floors, and was killed.

Every case of melancholia should at an early date be put into the hands of a competent physician, who can have the entire control of it. Sufferings or a Shy Man. There is no doubt that many men appear rude who are only shy; in their embarrassment they lack words to express themselves smoothly, and so give unintentional offense. To suchj a man as this, parties are a positive! torture. Each moment his sufferings; increase.

His feet become feet of clay, nothing stand on, only goodj to stumble with. Hands are cold, trembling, useless. There is a disa-i greeable feeling in the back of thei neck, and a spinning sensation in thel brain. Cruel are tho women who laugh at a bashful man. It is thet higher order of human beings bashfulness attacks.

It is the pre- cursor of many excellencies, like thej vigil of the knight, and if it is pa-1 tiently and bravely borne the knighti is thrice a hero. It is this recollec-j tion which can alonesustain the bash-! ful man under his sufferings. Very shy men have often become very attractive men of society. The first' refuge, though, of the bashful of either sex is repellant they assume-an air of hateur. It is a natural a convenient armor, and many a man' and many a woman has fought her battle behind it through life.

Nd doubt it has been the armor of many1 so-called cold persons. One Load He Carried Alone. Mrs. McBride George, dear, when we were married, only a year ago, you taid I should help you carry your burdens. McBride Yes, love.

"Then why didn't you let me help you yesterday?" "I don't understand you, love." "Why, papa says he saw you with a heavy load on, and you never let me help you with it" Epoch. A BRAZILIAN hatchet and machete to onablo tho traveler and his company to pass, and a few days later It Is Impossible todutoct whore thn path hm beon made. On one occasion, In tho Provlnco of Amazonas, a road was made by tho Government. For some cause, alter Icing constructed It 4 A nOMK OH TUB AMAZON. remained unused for two woelcs, when it was discovered to be so completely closed with vines and creopors that the whoje had to bo done over again.

From the necessities of the climate and soil, therefore, it is evident that a large part of AT BIO JANEIRO. the Amazon Valley must ever remain a forest, and bo valuable to the world from its forest productions. These, however, are rich beyond all computation. The world has litt'e idea of the vogetable wealth of this mighty country. The varietios of timber are almost without number, and tho supply TUB AMENITIES OF TRAVEL is inexhaustible.

Prof. Agas.siz counted on ono ploco of land not half a mile squaro 117 varieties of valuable timber. A BRAZILIAN MINSK. many of which were dark, heavy woods, rt beautiful as rosewood or mahogany, and susceptible of as high a polish. Over GOLD MINB.

of solid and ornamental woods. Medicinal plants are numorous, and their products are of I mon so value. The great macharanduia, which towers above the othor trees of tho forest like toe dome of a cathedral above tho houses of a city, whoa tapped, supplies a whitish liquor whioh, fresh from tho tree, is drunk like miik; allowod to romaln until coagulated, it provides an excellent article of rubber. Woods, fruits, rezins, dyes, oils, essences are in exhaustloss profusion, and had Brazil no other sourco of woalth than her forests, theso would be sufficient to insure lior untold wealth. From the forests of tho Amazon tho houses of the world could bo built, and filled with the most ologant of furnlturo; Its vegetable wealth would clothe tho world's people In garments of cottou or flax; its fruits would supply all Europo; and the fish of its waters would keep from famine the millions of Asia.

The wondorful abundance has prevented settlement. Time and again have efforts been male to establish colonies on tho banks of tho Amazon, but In vain, and the only Inhabitants of the great State of Amazonas, the largest in tho llopubllo of Brazil, are a few wandering tribes of Indians. They will not work. Why should they, when on account of the heat of the climate even the lightest clothing Is almost unendurable, when the nearest shelter is sufficient to protect them from the weather, and when the neighboring forest and the stream before the door supply every want Tltis Immense province, thero-foro, of 700,000 square miles, has but 70,000 population. Grao Para, with square miles of area, has but 320,000, and Maranhao, with 168,000, has only 385,000, the three Amazon provinres.

wlth an area larger than that of tho United States east of the Mississippi, having a total of 775,000. Most of thoso aborigines are as yet uncon-quered; they are savages in tho wildest sense of tho word; warlike, revengeful; many of thorn aro cannibals, and all aro dreadod by tho whites, who slowly and with great difficulty, have been able to drive them back, but nover to civilize them. Politically, Brazil is divided into twonty Statos and one "neutral municipality," the boundaries following thoso of the provinces which constituted tho Empire. There is an enormous discrepancy both in tho size and In the population of the States, however, from the enormous State of Amazonas, with its sparse population, to the petty State of Lcrgipe, which has only 39,000 square miles, though its population, 275,000, compares favorably with that of several which are, in geographical extent, greatly its superior. Tho total population of the republic is 9,913,000, which, considering its size, is very scanty, and to bo accounted for by the extent and uninhab- IN MB AMAZON VALLEY.

Itablllty of tho forests which constitute tho valley of the Amazon. Bosides tho capital there are several cities of much commercial importance At the mouth of the River Amazon, the alluvium of the stream, deposited for age after age, has gradually built up an island, whose size may be imagined from the statement that it exceeds the combined area of the Azores, Maiolra, Heligoland, Malta and Gibralter, and opposite to the southern shore of this island, from which it is separated by the I'ara Kiver, lies tho flou'ishing City of I'ara, the metropolis of tho Amazon Valley. I'ara, though with a population of only 70.000, is an exceedingly important city, since all the trade of tho Amazon passes through the hands of its merchants, and though1 its manufactures are insignificant, its exports are enormous. In tho year 188S the exports of rubber alone amounted to 33,000,000 at a valuation ol $0,402,000, while tho exports of precious woods, hides, coflee. sugar and other articles rendered tho rubber export Insignificant by compari son The State of Pernambuco, also a maritime State, has a capital of the same name, genorally called the Vonice of America, on account of the numerous canals which run through it in every direction.

From Pon ambuco the princi pal export is sugar, and no small sharo of tho business of Its 150,000 inhabitants consists In handling this and the coffe, which Is the next most Important article. Among the important seaports the city of Bahla must take place In the first row. It is located in the State of the same name, whl Is the second In pop ulatlon In the republic, has a population esttnatod at 180,003, and an enormous Clever Colli o. T. Sidney Cooper, the English animal painter, says that he often made valuable studies in Cumberland, at places where Scotch droves halted with their cattle for the night.

On such occasions, he often had a chance to see illustrations of an animal's intelligence, as well as of its physical perfection. One day, when there was a pouring rain, a man consented to sit for me at the inn where I was staying. He brought his collie with him, and both of them were dripping wet; so he put off his plaid, and laid it on the floor by the dog. I made a very successful sketch of the man, but before I had finished it, the dog grew fidgety with the wet plaid, and his master said, "Tak it awa', mon, tak' it awa'!" The dog took the end of it between his teeth, and dragged it out of the room. After I had finished tho drover's portrait, I asked him if he thought his dog would lie quiet for a time, as I wished to sketch him.

"Oh, yes, mon," he answered, "he'll do anything I say to him. Watch! Watch!" he called, and then "whus-tled" for him, as the Scotch say. As the dog did not appear, we went together to look for him, and found him sitting before the kitchen fire, with the end of the plaid in his mouth, holding it up to dry. I expressed my admiration of his intelligence, and the master replied: "Ah, he's a canny creature, sir! lie knows a mony things, does that dog, sir. But come awa', mon; the gentleman wants to mak' your picture." So we returned to my room, and the handsome collie sat for his portrait.

Sit and Set. The use of the words "sit" and "set" is well defined in the following example: A man, or woman either, can 6et a hen, although they cannot sit her, neither can they set on her, although the old hen might sit on them by the hour if they would allow. A man cannot set on the wash-stand, but he could set the basin on it, and neither the basin nor the grammarians would object. He could sit on the dog's tail, if the dog were willing, or he might set his foot on it. But if he should set on the aforesaid tail or sit his foot there, the grammarians as well as the dog would howl.

And yet, strange as it may seem, the man might set the tail aside and than sit down, and neither be assaulted by the dog nor the grammarians. St. Paul's Day. St Paul's Day is the 25th of January, "the weather day," as it is called in odd corners of the country still. There is an old superstition to tho effect that "If St.

Paul's Day be fair and elear, It doth betide a hajrny year," etc. It is impossible to say how such say ings originated. There is nothing which this age, from whichever standpoint we survey it, needs more, physically, intellectually and morally, than thorough.